Stibine

Stibine
Image:Stibine.png
General
Systematic name	Stibane
Other names	Antimony trihydride
Molecular formula	SbH3
Molar mass	124.784 g/mol
Appearance	colourless gas
CAS number	[7803-52-3]
Properties
Density and phase	5.48 g/l, gas
Solubility (water)	Insoluble
Melting point	-88 °C
Boiling point	-17 °C
Basicity (pKb)	?
Structure
Molecular shape	pyramidal
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N)
NFPA 704
R-phrases	R20/22, R50/53
S-phrases	S2, S61
Flash point	flammable gas
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Related hydrides	Ammonia Phosphine Arsine
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Stibine is a colourless gas formed by the reaction of certain antimony compounds with water or reducing agents. It is unstable with respect to its elements, and decomposes slowly at room temperature or rapidly at 200°C: the decomposition is autocatalytic and can be explosive. Stibine is readily oxidized to water and antimony trioxide.

Uses

Stibine is used in the electronics industry to deposit small quantities of antimony by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

Safety

Stibine is a flammable gas which can form explosive mixtures with air. It is highly toxic, with a LC50 of 100 ppm in mice.

Toxicology

For the toxicology of other antimony compounds, see Antimony trioxide.

The toxicity of stibine is distinct from that of other antimony compounds, but similar to that of arsine. Stibine binds to the haemaglobin of red blood cells, causing them to be destroyed by the body. Most cases of stibine poisoning have been accompanied by arsine poisoning, although animal studies indicate that their toxicities are equivalent. The first signs of exposure, which can take several hours to become apparent, are headches, vertigo and nausea, followed by the syptoms of haemolytic anaemia (high levels of unconjugated bilirubin), haemaglobinuria and nephropathy.

Bibliography

Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), Fiche toxicologique nº 202 : Trihydrure d'antimoine, 1992.

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0776
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• European Chemicals Bureau
• Institut national de recherche et de sécurité, France (in French)

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